The dissertation examines a wide spectrum of views on the relationship between the individual and society, ranging from extreme libertarianism to doctrinaire egalitarianism. Various meanings of liberty are reviewed, with a distinction being made between liberty as "merely" the absence of outsi.

While James Fishkin's attempt to connect ethical theory with political philosophy is sketchy and inconclusive, he provides in this book a useful survey of various types of meta-ethical reasoning. Basing his carefully argued analysis on a series of dialogues with "ordinary reasoners" on ethical problems, he constructs a spectrum of meta-ethical positions ranging from absolutism to amoralism. Because his ordinary reasoners are nearly all undergraduate and graduate students at Yale and Cambridge, two caveats must be entered about their representative character. (...) The ethical thinking of untempered youth is not a sure guide to a society's moral culture; and it may be surmised that a group of respondents from midwestern agricultural colleges would have provided a different set of responses than those from the elite institutions. (shrink)

An accountability-based privacy governance model is one where organizations are charged with societal objectives, such as using personal information in a manner that maintains individual autonomy and which protects individuals from social, financial and physical harms, while leaving the actual mechanisms for achieving those objectives to the organization. This paper discusses the essential elements of accountability identified by the Galway Accountability Project, with scholarship from the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP. Conceptual _Privacy by Design_ principles (...) are offered as criteria for building privacy and accountability into organizational information management practices. The authors then provide an example of an organizational control process that uses the principles to implement the essential elements. Initially developed in the ‘90s to advance privacy-enhancing information and communication technologies, Dr. Ann Cavoukian has since expanded the application of _Privacy by Design_ principles to include business processes. (shrink)

Robert Goodin has produced a stimulating, sharp-witted book on decision making in political life, weaving together previously printed and revised articles of his own with new interpretive material. While he takes the reader on a wide-ranging tour of the literature, the line of argument, which proceeds with clarity and vigor, is clearly the author's own. Goodin brings superb, perhaps excessive self-confidence to his task, considering that the empirical questions with which he deals tend to elude firm theoretical categorization. Policy makers, (...) who must deal with ambiguity and compromise, can rarely afford the luxury of philosophical reflection. It is Goodin's self appointed mission to teach them the importance of founding their decisions on sound theory, and he performs it with acuity and panache, although not without some problematic formulations of his own. (shrink)

If Michael Walzer's relentlessly expository book can be said to have a dominant theme, it is the theme of domination. How do we achieve a society without domination? Simple equality is impossible; people differ in skill, strength, wisdom, courage, and energy. The root meaning of the egalitarian demand, according to Walzer, is negative. It aims at aristocratic privilege, capitalist wealth, bureaucratic power, and racial and sexual supremacy; in short, at the ability of people to dominate others. It's not the fact (...) that there are rich and poor that generates the egalitarian impulse, he continues, but the fact that the rich grind the faces of the poor, impose their poverty on them, command their deferential behavior. The popular demand for the abolition of social and political differences results, he says, from what aristocrats do to commoners, what office holders do to ordinary citizens, what people with power do to those without it. Behind the vision of equality is the experience of subordination. "No more bowing and scraping, fawning and toadying; no more fearful trembling, no more high and mightiness; no more masters, no more slaves." The modern society in which these putative activities take place is not identified. Surely he cannot mean his own society? (shrink)

In spite of its title, this book is not what one would call a "treatise" on the subject: it is not a systematic exposition of the topics dealt with in this most important part of philosophy. Nowhere in it is found, for example, a detailed discussion of the role played by theories in metaphysics in connection with the proper method and distinctive features of the discipline. This is important, because the author calls his ideas a "theory" and one might ask, (...) is this a new name for the old idea of encompassing in a single concept the totality of what there is and can be, or is this a wholly new approach to metaphysical problems? (shrink)

Is a world without force possible? William Bluhm believes it is, and this book is an impassioned plea for the revolution in moral philosophy that he thinks is necessary to achieve freedom under law without the use of force. Principal among the questions discussed are whether individual freedom can be made compatible with the demands of public order, and whether any notion of lawful authority can be established if there are no natural norms of moral order.

This is a disappointing and depressing book. One does not make such a judgment lightly, nor apply it to a lesser work. There is good reason to expect that an account of the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt, one of the boldest and most thoughtful observers of 20th century political madness, will throw some light on the human condition. But what emerges from Kateb's meticulously detailed analysis of the main themes of Arendt's writings is dense, murky, and obscure. It is (...) not clear whether this result inheres in Arendt's views or Kateb's exegesis; one suspects the former. Since, however, Kateb is frequently at war with his subject's opinions, he is not a disinterested observer. Only a reader who has examined Arendt's views as carefully as Kateb has would be in a position to judge whether he has represented her fairly. (shrink)

Sabina Lovibond has produced a book that both requires and rewards close attention. It is a dense, closely argued, highly intelligent, discursive, difficult work, teeming with ideas and allusions, deserving of the greatest respect but at the same time placing the burden of tracing the line of argument squarely on the reader. In the end, admiration for the breadth of the author's scholarship and the acuity of her intellect far outweighs occasional twinges of impatience at the sometimes meandering turns in (...) the discourse. (shrink)

Jacques Barzun's account of William James is a rich-textured and wide-ranging combination of homage, exegesis and personal reflections. In many places it is more Barzun than James; in some it is difficult to tell them apart. Barzun's book is in effect a love offering to a revered master of philosophy, psychology and human relations. He quotes Whitehead's characterization of James as "an adorable genius"; John Jay Chapman's judgment that "I cannot believe that anyone ever met James without feeling that James (...) was a better man than himself"; Santayana's "He was so extremely natural that there was no knowing what his nature was, or what to expect next"; Henry James's description of his brother as "a creature who speaks another language from the rest of mankind, and who would lend charm to a treadmill"; and Charles Peirce's encomium: "Who could be of a nature so different from his than I? He so concrete, so living; I a mere table of contents, so abstract.... Yet in all my life I found scarce a soul who seemed to comprehend naturally... the main spring of my life better than he did. He was even greater in the practice than in the theory of psychology." Barzun tells us that Peirce, jesting in earnest, changed his middle name from Sanders to Santiago in recognition of James's tireless efforts on his behalf over half a lifetime. (shrink)

It is James Edwards' contention that the fundamental intention of Wittgenstein's thinking is the transmittal of a moral vision. Since such a vision is nowhere specifically set forth in Wittgenstein's writings, Edwards must blaze a trail of interpretation through the episodic reflections and observations of this fascinating philosopher's work.

ABSTRACTEvaluative conditioning is a change in the liking of a stimulus due to its previous pairings with another stimulus. In three...

Prior studies have advanced our knowledge of the individual determinants of corporate philanthropy; however, little empirical research has been conducted on how these determinants combine to influence giving. In this study, the authors develop and test an integrated model of the relationship between firm resources and corporate philanthropy as mediated by managerial discretion and managerial values. In addition, the authors offer organizational slack as an alternative measure of organizational resources. As predicted, the results show that firm resources have a positive (...) effect on corporate philanthropy. This effect is fully mediated by managerial discretion and partially mediated by managerial values. (shrink)

Displaying her intellectual and literary abilities from a young age, 'Mrs Taylor of Ongar' enjoyed writing all her life. She had eleven children, of whom six survived to adulthood. Her published works began with advice books for her own daughters, produced when increasing deafness made ordinary conversation difficult for her. This book, published in 1818, follows her earlier works for young women with a guide to conduct and 'reciprocal duties' within the family. Stern warnings and cautionary tales are given (...) to show the importance of duty to and respect for parents by children, but the parental duties of care in rearing and especially in education are emphasised. Early discipline, lovingly applied, is seen as the key to successful parenting, and its absence is deemed disastrous. Like Ann Taylor's Practical Hints to Young Females, the book offers fascinating insights into the middle-class ideal of domestic happiness. (shrink)

This article continues the themes developed in a previous paper looking at reparations for past wrongs in post-colonial Australia. It narrows the focus to examine the scope of the law of tort to provide reparations suffered as a result of colonisation and dispossession, with particular emphasis on the assimilation policies whose legacy is now known emphatically, although it ought not be exclusively, as the Stolen Generations. The search for more than just words is particularly topical in light of the Australian (...) Prime Minister’s formal apology in early 2008. This highly symbolic step must not lose momentum. That momentum could be both political and legal. In the latter context, we explore here the concept of alien tort, in the light of current Australian tort jurisprudence, which has thus far proved inadequate to achieve compensation for the harms suffered. Taking a comparative approach, procedural and substantive developments are to better deliver justice consistent with community values. In particular, the greater acceptance of psychological harm as actionable tortious conduct in Canada and the United States is examined. The article further examines the scope for stolen children to bring suit under the US Alien Tort Claims Act 1789. While the Australian government enjoys sovereign immunity in the courts of the United States, non-state organisations such as churches that were complicit in the forcible removals may be subject to United States jurisdiction wherever they have a presence in that country. The procedural and substantive elements of such a claim are discussed. In particular, the relevant cause of action, the issue of forum non conveniens and the statute of limitations will be analysed to map out whether a claim could be developed and successfully prosecuted. (shrink)

This book explores the concept of school belonging in adolescents from a socio-ecological perspective, acknowledging that young people are uniquely connected to a broad network of groups and systems within a school system. Using a socio-ecological framework, it positions belonging as an essential aspect of psychological functioning for which schools offer unique opportunities to improve. It also offers insights into the factors that influence school belonging at the student level during adolescence in educational settings. Taking a socio-ecological perspective and drawing (...) from innovative research methods, the book encourages researchers interested in school leadership to foster students' sense of belonging by developing their qualities and by changing school systems and processes. (shrink)

Jacqueline Taylor presents an original reconstruction of Hume's social theory, which examines the passions and imagination in relation to institutions such as government and the economy. She goes on to examine Hume's system of ethics, and argues that the principle of humanity is the central concept of Hume's Enlightenment philosophy.

Displaying her intellectual and literary abilities from a young age, 'Mrs Taylor of Ongar' enjoyed writing all her life. She had eleven children, of whom six survived to adulthood. Her published works began with advice books for her own daughters, produced when increasing deafness made ordinary conversation difficult for her. Given the difficulty of providing advice equally appropriate to girls at all levels of society, this 1815 work is addressed to 'females in the middle ranks'. It is assumed that (...) a girl's aspiration, as well as her destiny, is to be a wife and mother: conduct towards the husband, and the rearing of children, are of prime importance. But there is also a chapter for the husband, pointing out his reciprocal duties to his wife as an equal partner in their relationship. The book offers fascinating insights into the middle-class ideal of domestic happiness. (shrink)

The essays in this volume present versions of feminism that are explicitly liberal, or versions of liberalism that are explicitly feminist. By bringing together some of the most respected and well-known scholars in mainstream political philosophy today, Amy R. Baehr challenges the reader to reconsider the dominant view that liberalism and feminism are 'incompatible.'.

Referentialism has underappreciated consequences for our understanding of the ways in which mind, language, and world relate to one another. In exploring these consequences, this book defends a version of referentialism about names, demonstratives, and indexicals, in a manner appropriate for scholars and students in philosophy or the cognitive sciences. To demonstrate his view, Kenneth A. Taylor offers original and provocative accounts of a wide variety of semantic, pragmatic, and psychological phenomena, such as empty names, propositional attitude contexts, the (...) nature of concepts, and the ultimate source and nature of normativity. (shrink)

Kenneth A. Taylor examines the complex relationship between semantic analysis and metaphysical inquiry with the aim of bringing philosophical methodology into closer alignment with total science. He urges philosophers who seek metaphysical insight to interrogate reality itself rather than language and concepts.

Anne Conway’s Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, first published in 1690, is probably the most ambitious contribution to early modern metaphysics by a woman writing in the English language. This beautifully prepared edition makes Conway’s treatise available to twentieth-century readers in an accessible English translation of the 1690 Latin text—itself a translation of an original English manuscript that has long been lost.

In this anthology of new and classic articles, fifteen noted feminist philosophers explore contemporary ethical issues that uniquely affect the lives of women. These issues in applied ethics include autonomy, responsibility, sexual harassment, women in the military, new technologies for reproduction, surrogate motherhood, pornography, abortion, nonfeminist women and others. Whether generated by old social standards or intensified by recent technology, these dilemmas all pose persistent, 'nagging,' questions that cry out for answers.

Diagrams refer to the phenomena overtly represented, to analogous phenomena, and to previous pictures and their graphic conventions. The diagrams of ecologists Clarke, Hutchinson, and H.T. Odum reveal their search for physical analogies, building on the success of World War II science and the promise of cybernetics. H.T. Odum's energy circuit diagrams reveal also his aspirations for a universal and natural means of reducing complexity to guide the management of diverse ecological and social systems. Graphic conventions concerning framing and translation (...) of ecological processes onto the flat printed page facilitate Odum's ability to act as if ecological relations were decomposable into systems and could be managed by analysts external to the system. (shrink)

This paper seeks to contribute to the debate around sustainability by proposing the need for an ecocentric stance to sustainability that reflexively embeds humans in—rather than detached from—nature. We argue that this requires a different way of thinking about our relationship with our world, necessitating a engagement with the sociomaterial world in which we live. We develop the notion of ecocentrism by drawing on insights from sociomateriality studies, and show how radical-reflexivity enables us to appreciate our embeddedness and responsibility for (...) sustainability by bringing attention to the interrelationship between values, actions and our social and material world. We examine the implications of an ecocentric radically reflexive approach to sustainability for management education. (shrink)

Nurses make an important contribution to the organisation and coordination of patient care but receive little formal educational preparation for this work. This paper builds on Allen's care trajectory management framework to specify evidence‐based and theoretically informed competencies for this component of the nursing role and proposes how these might be incorporated into nursing curricula. This is necessary so that at the point of registration nurses have the expertise to realise their potential as both providersandorganisers of patient care and (...) are better able to articulate and develop this aspect of nursing practice. (shrink)

Throughout the biological and biomedical sciences there is a growing need for, prescriptive ‘minimum information’ (MI) checklists specifying the key information to include when reporting experimental results are beginning to find favor with experimentalists, analysts, publishers and funders alike. Such checklists aim to ensure that methods, data, analyses and results are described to a level sufficient to support the unambiguous interpretation, sophisticated search, reanalysis and experimental corroboration and reuse of data sets, facilitating the extraction of maximum value from data sets (...) them. However, such ‘minimum information’ MI checklists are usually developed independently by groups working within representatives of particular biologically- or technologically-delineated domains. Consequently, an overview of the full range of checklists can be difficult to establish without intensive searching, and even tracking thetheir individual evolution of single checklists may be a non-trivial exercise. Checklists are also inevitably partially redundant when measured one against another, and where they overlap is far from straightforward. Furthermore, conflicts in scope and arbitrary decisions on wording and sub-structuring make integration difficult. This presents inhibit their use in combination. Overall, these issues present significant difficulties for the users of checklists, especially those in areas such as systems biology, who routinely combine information from multiple biological domains and technology platforms. To address all of the above, we present MIBBI (Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations); a web-based communal resource for such checklists, designed to act as a ‘one-stop shop’ for those exploring the range of extant checklist projects, and to foster collaborative, integrative development and ultimately promote gradual integration of checklists. (shrink)

It is widely held by philosophers not only that there is a causal condition on perception but also that the causal condition is a conceptual truth about perception. One influential line of argument for this claim is based on intuitive responses to a style of thought experiment popularized by Grice. Given the significance of these thought experiments to the literature, it is important to see whether the folk in fact respond to these cases in the way that philosophers assume they (...) should. We test folk intuitions regarding the causal theory of perception by asking our participants to what extent they agree that they would ‘see’ an object in various Gricean scenarios. We find that the intuitions of the folk do not strongly support the causal condition; they at most strongly support a ‘no blocker’ condition. We argue that this is problematic for the claim that the causal condition is a conceptual truth. (shrink)

The move to remote learning during COVID-19 has impacted billions of students. While research shows that school closure, and the pandemic more generally, has led to student distress, the possibility that these disruptions can also prompt growth in is a worthwhile question to investigate. The current study examined stress-related growth (SRG) in a sample of students returning to campus after a period of COVID-19 remote learning (n= 404, age = 13–18). The degree to which well-being skills were taught at school (...) (i.e., positive education) before the COVID-19 outbreak and student levels of SRG upon returning to campus was testedviastructural equation modeling. Positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and strengths use in students were examined as mediators. The model provided a good fit [χ2= 5.37,df= 3,p= 0.146, RMSEA = 0.044 (90% CI = 0.00–0.10), SRMR = 0.012, CFI = 99, TLI = 0.99] with 56% of the variance in SRG explained. Positive education explained 15% of the variance in cognitive reappraisal, 7% in emotional processing, and 16% in student strengths use during remote learning. The results are discussed using a positive education paradigm with implications for teaching well-being skills at school to foster growth through adversity and assist in times of crisis. (shrink)